2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0330B
    Levofloxacin hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Levofloxacin hydrochloride is an orally active antibiotic. Levofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity, inducing Apoptosis. Levofloxacin hydrochloride has antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Levofloxacin hydrochloride exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer. Levofloxacin hydrochloride has anti-acnegenic, anxiogenic, and analgesic effects. Levofloxacin hydrochloride shortens sleep duration in mice. Levofloxacin hydrochloride can be used in the research of infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis, chronic periodontitis, bacterial infections associated with stable COPD, and BK viremia) and lung cancer.
    Levofloxacin hydrochloride
  • HY-DY1006
    Propidium Iodide (solution)
    Propidium Iodide (PI) (solution) is a nuclear staining agent that stains DNA. Propidium Iodide is an analogue of ethidine bromide that emits red fluorescence upon embedding in double-stranded DNA. Propidium Iodide cannot pass through living cell membranes, but it can pass through damaged cell membranes to stain the nucleus. Propidium Iodide has a fluorescence wavelength of 493/617 nm and a wavelength of 536/635 nm after Mosaic with DNA. Propidium Iodide is commonly used in the detection of apoptosis (apoptosis) or necrosis (necrosis) , and is often used in flow cytometry analysis.
    Solvent and Concentration: Sterile water: 1 mg/mL
    The 1 mL volume is defined as the base specification. All larger sizes correspond to incremental volumes of this base.
    Propidium Iodide (solution)
  • HY-148688
    ASO 556089 sodium
    ASO 556089 sodium is a 16 nucleotide length gapmer (3-10-3) that targets the human and mouse long non-coding RNA MALAT1, with the sequence: 5’-GmCATTmCTAATAGmCAGmC-3’ .
    ASO 556089 sodium
  • HY-136767
    Cladosporin
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Cladosporin is an antibiotic and an an antifungal metabolite that can be produced in good yield in the mycelium of Cladosporium cladosporioid. Cladosporin exhibits inhibitory activity against various dermatophytes, plant pathogens, and bacteria. Cladosporin also exhibits antimalarial activity through inhibition of cytoplasmic lysine-tRNA synthetase of Plasmodium (PfKrs1).
    Cladosporin
  • HY-W019815
    N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a DNA alkylating agent. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea induces leukemia by alkylating nucleobases, disrupting DNA, and resulting in bone marrow suppression and the formation of leukemic cells. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea is teratogenic in vivo, inducing tumor formation and paw malformations in pregnant rats. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea cause central nervous system (CNS) tumors and genetic disorders.
    N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
  • HY-135046
    MTOB sodium
    		Inhibitor
    MTOB sodium is a potent C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) inhibitor. MTOB sodium attenuates repetitive head injury-elicited neurologic dysfunction and neuroinflammation via inhibition of the transactivation activity of CtBP1 and CtBP2. MTOB sodium antagonizes the transcriptional regulatory activity of CtBP1 and CtBP2 by eviction from their target promoters in breast cancer cell lines.
    MTOB sodium
  • HY-156257
    UNC9512
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    UNC9512 is a selective 53BP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.46 μM, and a Kd values of 0.17 μM. UNC9512 binds 53BP1 and its tandem Tudor domain, disrupts histone H4 interaction, and inhibits 53BP1 activity. UNC9512 can be used as a probe for DNA damage repair and Gene editing.
    UNC9512
  • HY-149648
    JNJ-8003
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    JNJ-8003 is a potent and orally active non-nucleoside RSV polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.29 nM. JNJ-8003 targets the L protein polymerase complex of RSV (IC50 = 0.67 nM), and blocks the transcription and replication of the viral genome by inhibiting the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). JNJ-8003 displays subnanomolar activity in vitro as well as prominent efficacy in mice and a neonatal lamb models. JNJ-8003 can be used for the study of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
    JNJ-8003
  • HY-N1150R
    Thymidine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Thymidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thymidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication.
    Thymidine (Standard)
  • HY-117813
    2-Thiouridine
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    2-Thiouridine is an orally active modified nucleobase. 2-Thiouridine stabilizes U:A base pairs and destabilizes U:G wobble base pairs. 2-Thiouridine significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of nonenzymatic replication of mixed-sequence A/U-containing RNA templates. 2-Thiouridine exhibits antiviral activity against multiple positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (DENV2, ZIKV, YFV, JEV, WNV, CHIKV, human coronaviruses ( [HCoV]-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV), and MERS-CoV).
    2-Thiouridine
  • HY-160971
    Ribonucleic Acid, Transfer from Brewing yeast
    		Substrate 99.0%
    Ribonucleic Acid, Transfer from Brewing yeast is tRNA, which is isolated from brewer yeast. Ribonucleic Acid, Transfer from Brewing yeast is arranged in a cloverleaf model in total sequence. Ribonucleic Acid, Transfer from Brewing yeast is utilized as a substrate in reactions with participant of tRNAs.
    Ribonucleic Acid, Transfer from Brewing yeast
  • HY-152149
    CTP Synthetase-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    CTP Synthetase-IN-1 is a potent, orally active cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) inhibitor with IC50s of 32 nM and 18 nM for human CTPS1 and human CTPS2, respectively. CTP Synthetase-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory effects.
    CTP Synthetase-IN-1
  • HY-N2513
    β-Boswellic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    β-Boswellic acid is isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata with anticancer, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-arthritic pain.β-Boswellic acid is an orally active nonreducing-type inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) product formation either interacting directly with the 5-LO or blocking its translocation. β-Boswellic acid inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in human leukemia HL-60 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 7.1 μM. β-Boswellic acid is promising for research of diabetes, inflammatory and arthritic diseases.
    β-Boswellic acid
  • HY-B1099
    Hycanthone
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Hycanthone is a thioxanthenone DNA intercalator and inhibits RNA synthesis as well as the DNA topoisomerases I and II. Hycanthone inhibits nucleic acid biosynthesis and inhibits apurinic endonuclease-1 (APE1) by direct protein binding with a KD of 10 nM. Hycanthone is a bioactive metabolite of Lucanthone (HY-B2098) and has anti-schistosomal agent.
    Hycanthone
  • HY-N6800A
    Netropsin dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Netropsin dihydrochloride is a small-molecule MGB (minor-groove binder) and antibiotic, inhibits the catalytic activity of isolated topoisomerase and interferes with the stabilization of the cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II and I in nuclei. Netropsin dihydrochloride has antibacterial and antiviral activity.
    Netropsin dihydrochloride
  • HY-103019A
    (±)-Enitociclib
    		Inhibitor 99.23%
    (±)-Enitociclib ((±)-BAY-1251152) is the racemic mixture of Enitociclib (HY-103019E). Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (±)-Enitociclib
  • HY-125586
    β-Amanitin
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    β-Amanitin is a cyclic peptide toxin in the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. β-Amanitin inhibits inhibits eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and III. β-Amanitin inhibits protein synthesis. β-Amanitin can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
    β-Amanitin
  • HY-W009216
    2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate
    		99.99%
    2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate (5'-dCMP) is a compound that binds to the adenovirus terminal protein with a molecular weight of 80000 daltons. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate forms a covalent complex with this protein and is associated with adenovirus DNA replication.
    2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate
  • HY-W015490
    1,4-Naphthoquinone
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    1,4-Naphthoquinone is an inhibitor with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity targeting DNA polymerase, NF-κB and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A/B), with antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a competitive inhibitor of MAO-B (Ki=1.4 μM) and a non-competitive inhibitor of MAO-A (Ki=7.7 μM). 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits DNA polymerase pol α, β, γ, δ, ε, λ with IC50 ranging from 5.57-128 μM. 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and necrosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities by inducing oxidative stress, depleting glutathione (GSH), inhibiting DNA polymerase-mediated DNA synthesis and blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation. 1,4-Naphthoquinone can be used in anti-bacterial , anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory studies, including inhibition of melanoma and colon cancer cell growth and endothelial cell function, as well as LPS-induced inflammation models.
    1,4-Naphthoquinone
  • HY-B0738
    Dithranol
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Dithranol (Anthralin) is an anthraquinone derivative, with potent anti-psoriatic effects. Dithranol can inhibit DNA replication and repair.
    Dithranol
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison

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